NEW DELHI: As the world is discussing what should be the next alternative energy to run vehicles, Toyota has launched a first-of-its-kind pilot project flex fuel-strong hybrid electric vehicle (FFV-SHEV) in India. The new vehicle can run on 100 per cent ethanol.
An FFV-SHEV possesses a flex-fuel engine and an electric powertrain. This setup extends the dual advantages of higher ethanol use and greater fuel efficiency, as it can run in its EV mode for a good amount of time, while the engine stands shut off.
This seems to be providing solutions to the much-discussed concern of finding an alternative medium to run vehicles in the long run.
Though India has been rolling out initiatives in almost all other alternative energy technologies, reducing vehicular emissions has become one of the most urgent targets for the country in recent times. The focus has thus been shifted to the endorsement of hydrogen and electric vehicles.
Union Road Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari launched Toyota’s first-of-its-kind pilot project on a flex fuel-strong hybrid electric vehicle (FFV-SHEV). The new vehicle can run on 100 per cent ethanol.
Ethanol, perhaps the most ubiquitous of the alternative biofuels, a locally produced substance, has made its way into people’s gas tanks. It is environmentally friendly that aligns with stricter emission norms.
On the heels of being alternative, environment-friendly fuels that can help combat both rising fuel prices and pollution levels, flex-fuel or flexible fuel has been gaining traction.
These are seen as alternative fuels which are a combination of regular gasoline and methanol/ethanol. Unlike CNG fuel systems, which store petrol and CNG in separate tanks and are used separately by the engine, the flex-fuel combination is stored in the same fuel tank and is used by the engine as blended fuel.
Flex fuel engines are already popular in Brazil, the United States, European Union and China among many others. India is the fifth largest manufacturer of ethanol following the US, Brazil, the European Union and China.
According to IHS Markit, as of 2018, there were over 21 million flex-fuel vehicles in the United States, but Brazil is the biggest market and a leader in this segment. Other than an ethanol-compatible fuel system and a different powertrain calibration, flex-fuel vehicles are similar to their conventional petrol-only counterparts.
In flex fuels, the ratio of ethanol to petrol can be adjusted, but the most commonly used flex-fuel use 85 per cent ethanol and 15 per cent petrol. Unlike petrol, ethanol is not a byproduct of crude oil. Instead, it is a complex derivative of biomass left by agricultural feedstocks such as corn, sugarcane, hemp (bhang), potato and rice among many other things.
Ethanol is extracted from sugarcane juice; from molasses – the black viscous product derived from refining sugarcane. These agricultural products are found in abundance in India and hence, the Union government has made a concerted effort to promote ethanol as an alternative fuel option.
Ethanol has the quality to burn cleaner than gasoline, which simply makes flex-fuel vehicles leave fewer toxic fumes in the environment. Advanced technology is used to make flex-fuel engines which also involves the use of electronic sensors.
Such advances enable the vehicle to detect the fuel blend and make any necessary adjustments. The usage of ethanol, which is sustainably produced, is what makes flex-fuels a green choice.
According to an article in Indian Express, flex-fuel vehicles have one fuel system, and most components are the same as those found in a conventional petrol-only car. Some special ethanol-compatible components are required to adjust to the different chemical properties and energy content in ethanol or methanol, such as modifications to the fuel pump and fuel injection system. The ECM is also calibrated to accommodate the higher oxygen content of ethanol.
The most important benefit is that the use of ethanol blending sharply lowers harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulphur, and carbon and nitrogen oxides. Another obvious benefit is that blending will help cut back on oil imports for fueling vehicles. (ANI)